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ADHD UK Medication ADHD medications are classified as 'controlled drugs' that require a specialist physician to prescribe them. They are referred to as stimulants and comprise the family of methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta etc) amphetamine salts as well as atomoxetine. Talk therapy and other non-medical treatments is generally recommended as well. While medications can help manage symptoms, they don't alter the negative coping mechanisms. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most popular ADHD medication prescribed in the UK is also used to treat narcolepsy and other psychiatric conditions. It is also used for Narcolepsy, as well as other mental disorders. It is available in immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. The extended-release capsules are less soluble and have a longer-lasting impact. It is typically prescribed for a limited period of time and the dosage depends on a person's symptoms. In general, stimulant drugs increase activity in brain regions that regulate attention and behavior. They are often referred to as “cognitive enhancements” and help people pay attention, concentrate and stay on task. Methylphenidate increases activity in areas of the brain that are inactive when people suffer from ADHD. It also increases your body's energy use. It is sold under the brand name Ritalin. adhd medication found that methylphenidate prescriptions have increased eightfold in UK over the past two decades. This is an important health issue for the public and suggests that there may be an overdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. Researchers looked at information from the Clinical Practice Research Database, which includes information on all NHS patients who were registered in England with a GP from 1992 until 2013. The study focused on drugs approved by the British National Formulary for ADHD and classified as CNS stimulants. This includes methylphenidate (methylphenidate immediate-release and methylphenidate with extended release) and atomoxetine as well as dexamphetamine (and its derivative of lisdexamfetamine) and modafinil. Pemoline is no longer available in the UK because of liver toxicity was not included in the study. Researchers have found that methylphenidate is the most frequently prescribed drug for children aged 5 and younger. About a quarter of children have been prescribed this drug. This is despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines suggest that medication only be used as a the first line treatment for children who have severe symptoms of ADHD. Alternatively, they recommend that parents consider psychological intervention instead. The findings suggest that the rise in prescriptions of methylphenidate may be due in part to the availability and accessibility of mental health services. However it could also be due to an increasing awareness of ADHD among younger people, as well as a willingness to seek treatment and diagnosis. In addition, there are likely to be some cases of inappropriate prescribing of methylphenidate for adolescents and young adults. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibit (SNRI), is used to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It is also a treatment for comorbid anxiety symptoms. It is not a stimulant and it has a low risk of abuse. It has been proven to be effective in clinical studies and is an excellent option for children who have not responded well to stimulants. However, the long-term safety of atomoxetine is not established. Atomoxetine is different from other ADHD drugs. It increases the level of a chemical that is present in the brain called noradrenaline. This chemical is responsible for sending messages between nerve cell and a rise in its levels can improve concentration and control of impulses. It comes in a capsule and is taken one each day. This medication is often taken in conjunction with other treatments, such as psychological therapy and educational assistance. In one study, atomoxetine proved to be more effective than placebo when it comes to improving ADHD symptoms. It is also well-tolerated and has less risk of having side effects than stimulants, particularly in children. A recent cost-effectiveness study revealed that treatment algorithms that used atomoxetine as the initial drug were less expensive than those using dexamfetamine or methylphenidate. This drug has been linked to a number of serious side effects, including suicidal thoughts. Speak to your doctor immediately if your child displays these signs. In addition, atomoxetine can interact with certain medications such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine. If your child is taking MAOIs, stop the medication and consult your doctor to recommend a suitable alternative. There are people who feel fatigued, stomach pain, or a loss in appetite. These side effects may be mild or severe dependent on the person. Atomoxetine can be linked to a serious but rare condition known as hepatic dysfunction which can cause liver failure. This could be fatal in a few instances. It is crucial to talk with your physician if you've been diagnosed with liver problems or other health issues in the past. Tell your doctor all of the medicines you take, including herbal and complementary treatments. This includes prescription and over-the counter medications as well as vitamins and minerals. It is important to tell your doctor if you take any other ADHD medication, like methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine. Inform your doctor if you or your child is pregnant, breastfeeding or contemplating becoming pregnant. Dexamfetamine Dexamfetamine is a stimulant which is used to treat ADHD in adults. It improves concentration and focus, decrease impulsive behavior and improve mood. It can be taken orally, or as a capsule or solution. It is crucial to take it as prescribed by your doctor. Taking too much or stopping abruptly could cause problems. Don't operate or drive machinery if you're taking this medication. It is also a crime to carry the medication without a prescription. You must always have proof that you have been prescribed it, such as a repeat prescription form or a patient information leaflet. You should also bring your medication to work or school with you, in case it's needed during the day. adhd medication should be taken with caution in patients who have epilepsy-related disorders because it could decrease the threshold for convulsive seizures. It is not recommended to use in patients with an history of cardiac or blood vessel disorders, such as coronary heart disease or high blood pressure. It is not recommended to be used during pregnancy or while nursing. It is excreted into breast milk, and consequently, there is a risk for the infant. If symptoms of ADHD worsen, a review with the prescriber is advised. This will help determine if the condition is controlled by medication and if the medications are appropriate. This will allow the doctor to alter dosages or switch to different treatments if needed. A doctor will place the patient at a lower dose and gradually increase the dosage to make sure they get the right level of medication for them. It is also an ideal idea to take the tablets at the same time every day, and ideally with food. This will help to keep track of the tablets and decrease the possibility of missing a dose. In addition to taking medication, those who suffer from ADHD may benefit from psychoeducation and therapy. This can help children and adults learn to cope with their condition. Therapy can also help them manage other issues, like depression or anxiety. Psychoeducation combines educational material and support from a trained professional, while therapy can be behavioural or cognitive. Modafinil Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. Modafinil is available off-label for adults over 18 years old to treat the symptoms of ADHD. It is not a prescription drug for such usage and should be taken only under the supervision of a medical professional. It is only available with an order from a doctor, and should be kept in a safe place from children. It is crucial to adhere to the instructions on the prescription label and ask your pharmacist or doctor to explain any part of the medicine that you are unable to comprehend. The NHS website describes Modafinil as a sleep-inducing central nervous system stimulant. It is prescribed for narcolepsy, but has been widely used off-label to help those suffering from Parkinson's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis remain alert, as well as those who suffer from fatigue caused by obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea or shift work. Executives, students, and military personnel needing to stay alert are also popular users. In a recent survey, one-in-five UK students admitted to taking the “smart-drug” to improve their focus during their exams. Jack Rivlin (24), editor of The Tab, a student newspaper based in Farringdon, London told BBC Newsbeat he bought modafinil for PS130 on an offshore website last year to help in his revision. He admits that modafinil has helped him keep track of his notes and help him pass his test even though he does not believe it makes him smarter. It's important to remember that these medications aren't magic bullets and can cause serious side effects. In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. Modafinil could also interfere negatively with certain medications, such as antidepressants and sedatives. You may also suffer withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the drug if you suddenly stop taking it. Modafinil, which is also known as methylphenidate or atomoxetine, is categorized as a class B drug. This means it is illegal to distribute, possess, or sell. If you're caught, you'll be sentenced to up to five years in prison.